Russian President Vladimir Putin's heavily armoured presidential plane, dubbed the "Flying Kremlin", may be allowed to fly through EU airspace en route from Moscow to Budapest for a planned summit with US President Donald Trump. The aircraft has four engines and is equipped with an array of defence systems.
The move would require special permission from EU member states, but some officials suggest this could be granted if Putin's plane flies over the eastern coast of the Black Sea through Turkey, Bulgaria, and either Serbia or Romania into Hungary.
Serbia, a non-EU candidate for membership in NATO, has direct flights to Moscow via its own airspace. The Serbian president, Aleksandar Vucic, knows Putin well and may be willing to grant permission for the aircraft to pass over his country's airspace.
Romania and Bulgaria are also likely to play a role in allowing the "Flying Kremlin" to fly through their airspaces, with both countries building NATO bases as part of efforts to strengthen the alliance's eastern flank.
But even if these EU member states agree to grant permission for Putin's plane to pass over their airspace, it is unclear how he will avoid flying directly over Ukraine. The conflict in Ukraine has been a major sticking point in relations between Russia and Western countries, and the European Union has imposed significant sanctions on Russia in response.
The summit in Budapest may help to ease tensions, with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban having close ties with both Putin and Trump. For Orban, hosting the summit is likely a win, as it will give him an opportunity to present himself as a mediator and boost his popularity before elections next spring.
However, European leaders are unlikely to be happy about Orban's decision to host the summit without EU involvement, particularly given the bloc's strong backing of Ukraine. The tensions around the summit reflect the complexities of Russia's relations with Western countries, and the challenges facing Putin as he seeks to build relationships in Europe while maintaining his country's international isolation.
The move would require special permission from EU member states, but some officials suggest this could be granted if Putin's plane flies over the eastern coast of the Black Sea through Turkey, Bulgaria, and either Serbia or Romania into Hungary.
Serbia, a non-EU candidate for membership in NATO, has direct flights to Moscow via its own airspace. The Serbian president, Aleksandar Vucic, knows Putin well and may be willing to grant permission for the aircraft to pass over his country's airspace.
Romania and Bulgaria are also likely to play a role in allowing the "Flying Kremlin" to fly through their airspaces, with both countries building NATO bases as part of efforts to strengthen the alliance's eastern flank.
But even if these EU member states agree to grant permission for Putin's plane to pass over their airspace, it is unclear how he will avoid flying directly over Ukraine. The conflict in Ukraine has been a major sticking point in relations between Russia and Western countries, and the European Union has imposed significant sanctions on Russia in response.
The summit in Budapest may help to ease tensions, with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban having close ties with both Putin and Trump. For Orban, hosting the summit is likely a win, as it will give him an opportunity to present himself as a mediator and boost his popularity before elections next spring.
However, European leaders are unlikely to be happy about Orban's decision to host the summit without EU involvement, particularly given the bloc's strong backing of Ukraine. The tensions around the summit reflect the complexities of Russia's relations with Western countries, and the challenges facing Putin as he seeks to build relationships in Europe while maintaining his country's international isolation.