The US Constitution, written over two and a half centuries ago, has undergone more than 27 amendments, including those abolishing slavery and giving women the right to vote. However, since its ratification in 1787, there have been fewer meaningful changes. Historian Jill Lepore's new book, "We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution," suggests that this lack of progress is due to a deep-seated fear among the founders - that if citizens don't engage with each other, their government will become ineffective.
The Constitution was designed to be flexible and adaptable. Its framers anticipated that it would need to be revised frequently. While some amendments were proposed by individual states before being ratified, more than 200 attempts at revision were rejected. The resulting set of ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, includes fundamental principles such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to bear arms.
However, the Constitution has not been immune to compromise. One glaring example is the exclusion of women from political life. James Madison refused to include an endorsement of slavery in the document, believing that it would be up to future generations to eradicate this institution. It took 100 years and a civil war for the amendment abolishing slavery to pass.
In recent times, there has been growing concern about the Constitution's relevance. Jeffrey Rosen, president and CEO of the National Constitution Center, notes that checks-and-balances within the government have broken down. The courts have become increasingly powerful in interpreting laws and asserting their authority. This erosion of the system's original intent raises questions about whether the founders' vision for America is still being realized.
Rosen emphasizes that the Constitution was written to express timeless principles such as the separation of power, checks-and-balances, and protection from tyranny. These ideas remain crucial today, despite the passage of time. The book "We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution" by Jill Lepore serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring importance of this foundational document in shaping America's identity.
The Constitution was designed to be flexible and adaptable. Its framers anticipated that it would need to be revised frequently. While some amendments were proposed by individual states before being ratified, more than 200 attempts at revision were rejected. The resulting set of ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, includes fundamental principles such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to bear arms.
However, the Constitution has not been immune to compromise. One glaring example is the exclusion of women from political life. James Madison refused to include an endorsement of slavery in the document, believing that it would be up to future generations to eradicate this institution. It took 100 years and a civil war for the amendment abolishing slavery to pass.
In recent times, there has been growing concern about the Constitution's relevance. Jeffrey Rosen, president and CEO of the National Constitution Center, notes that checks-and-balances within the government have broken down. The courts have become increasingly powerful in interpreting laws and asserting their authority. This erosion of the system's original intent raises questions about whether the founders' vision for America is still being realized.
Rosen emphasizes that the Constitution was written to express timeless principles such as the separation of power, checks-and-balances, and protection from tyranny. These ideas remain crucial today, despite the passage of time. The book "We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution" by Jill Lepore serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring importance of this foundational document in shaping America's identity.