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New Covid-19 Vaccine Takes Unique Approach, Shows Early Promise in Animal Studies.
Scientists at the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in Germany have made significant breakthroughs in developing a new nasal vaccine against Covid-19. The vaccine uses a live but weakened form of the coronavirus to stimulate an immune response in the body, particularly in the tissues that line the upper airways where the virus typically enters.
The vaccine was tested on hamsters and found to be highly effective in preventing infection, achieving "sterilizing immunity" - meaning it can prevent the virus from replicating. The researchers believe this approach could provide a better defense against Covid-19 than current vaccines, which primarily focus on stimulating immune responses through injection.
The German team's method involves manipulating the genetic material of the coronavirus to make it harder for cells to translate, essentially rendering it harmless while still allowing the immune system to recognize and attack it. This technique is called codon pair deoptimization.
In animal studies, two doses of the vaccine were found to create a stronger immune response than either mRNA-based vaccines or those using adenoviruses as delivery systems. The researchers think this is because the nasal vaccine closely mimics natural infection, exposing the immune system to the virus in its entirety rather than just its spike proteins.
One potential advantage of this approach is that it may provide longer-lasting protection against future variants of the virus, including potentially more contagious or damaging versions like Omicron. However, caution is warranted as the vaccine still needs to undergo further testing before it can be used on humans.
More than a handful of nasal vaccines are currently undergoing late-stage testing in people, according to the World Health Organization's vaccine tracker, although results from these trials have yet to be published. Researchers are eagerly watching for data from Codagenix, another company developing a live but weakened Covid-19 vaccine, as it will provide crucial insight into whether this approach is promising or not.
Despite its potential benefits, live vaccines pose risks, particularly for individuals with compromised immunity. "Although it's strongly attenuated, it's still a real virus," Wyler said, emphasizing the need for careful use and monitoring in vulnerable populations.
Scientists at the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in Germany have made significant breakthroughs in developing a new nasal vaccine against Covid-19. The vaccine uses a live but weakened form of the coronavirus to stimulate an immune response in the body, particularly in the tissues that line the upper airways where the virus typically enters.
The vaccine was tested on hamsters and found to be highly effective in preventing infection, achieving "sterilizing immunity" - meaning it can prevent the virus from replicating. The researchers believe this approach could provide a better defense against Covid-19 than current vaccines, which primarily focus on stimulating immune responses through injection.
The German team's method involves manipulating the genetic material of the coronavirus to make it harder for cells to translate, essentially rendering it harmless while still allowing the immune system to recognize and attack it. This technique is called codon pair deoptimization.
In animal studies, two doses of the vaccine were found to create a stronger immune response than either mRNA-based vaccines or those using adenoviruses as delivery systems. The researchers think this is because the nasal vaccine closely mimics natural infection, exposing the immune system to the virus in its entirety rather than just its spike proteins.
One potential advantage of this approach is that it may provide longer-lasting protection against future variants of the virus, including potentially more contagious or damaging versions like Omicron. However, caution is warranted as the vaccine still needs to undergo further testing before it can be used on humans.
More than a handful of nasal vaccines are currently undergoing late-stage testing in people, according to the World Health Organization's vaccine tracker, although results from these trials have yet to be published. Researchers are eagerly watching for data from Codagenix, another company developing a live but weakened Covid-19 vaccine, as it will provide crucial insight into whether this approach is promising or not.
Despite its potential benefits, live vaccines pose risks, particularly for individuals with compromised immunity. "Although it's strongly attenuated, it's still a real virus," Wyler said, emphasizing the need for careful use and monitoring in vulnerable populations.