The US Economy's False Sense of Security
A year into Donald Trump's presidency, the American economy appears to be on a roll, with the unemployment rate at 4.4 percent and gross domestic product growth at 4.3 percent in the third quarter. However, beneath this rosy surface lies a more complex reality.
The US economy has been bolstered by a stock market boom that has lifted Americans' paper wealth, encouraging them to loosen their purse strings and drive consumer spending up nearly 30 percent since the COVID-19 pandemic. This surge in consumer spending has been largely driven by gains in net wealth, with the top 10 percent of earners now accounting for roughly half of all spending – a proportion not seen since officials began compiling data in 1989.
Yet, despite this seemingly healthy growth, experts warn that the economy is hiding deeper problems. The unemployment rate may be low, but the number of workers being added to the workforce has slowed significantly, with hospitality and healthcare adding jobs while retail, manufacturing, and construction – sectors that rely heavily on migrants – all shed positions.
The Trump administration's mass deportation of undocumented immigrants and tightening of legal migration pathways have resulted in negative net migration for the first time in at least half a century. As a result, the US workforce is projected to see a net decline of two million workers this year, according to projections from Oxford Economics.
Furthermore, the "bifurcation" in the US economy has also been felt across the business world, with smaller companies struggling to cope with increased policy uncertainty and tariffs. The surge in tariffs announced by Trump's administration has had an outsize effect on these firms, which are seeing little benefit from the boom in artificial intelligence (AI) industry.
The AI proponents believe that the world is on the cusp of huge gains in productivity that could dramatically raise living standards, but there are concerns about large numbers of people being put out of work. As Bernard Yaros, lead US economist at Oxford Economics, notes, "This could be the new norm – jobless growth. That's one reason people are not feeling so great."
While it is true that Trump's presidency has been marked by a range of policies that have upended businesses and supply chains, the reality is that these disruptions have been largely masked by the stock market boom. The underlying problems in the economy may be more significant than initially meets the eye, and it remains to be seen whether the US economy can sustain this growth in the long term.
For now, Americans are being left with a false sense of security about the state of their economy – one that is built on shallow paper wealth and artificially inflated consumer spending. As Marcus Noland, executive vice president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, notes, "The gains are going to people in higher income brackets... but these numbers mask the unevenness in the growth in this economy."
A year into Donald Trump's presidency, the American economy appears to be on a roll, with the unemployment rate at 4.4 percent and gross domestic product growth at 4.3 percent in the third quarter. However, beneath this rosy surface lies a more complex reality.
The US economy has been bolstered by a stock market boom that has lifted Americans' paper wealth, encouraging them to loosen their purse strings and drive consumer spending up nearly 30 percent since the COVID-19 pandemic. This surge in consumer spending has been largely driven by gains in net wealth, with the top 10 percent of earners now accounting for roughly half of all spending – a proportion not seen since officials began compiling data in 1989.
Yet, despite this seemingly healthy growth, experts warn that the economy is hiding deeper problems. The unemployment rate may be low, but the number of workers being added to the workforce has slowed significantly, with hospitality and healthcare adding jobs while retail, manufacturing, and construction – sectors that rely heavily on migrants – all shed positions.
The Trump administration's mass deportation of undocumented immigrants and tightening of legal migration pathways have resulted in negative net migration for the first time in at least half a century. As a result, the US workforce is projected to see a net decline of two million workers this year, according to projections from Oxford Economics.
Furthermore, the "bifurcation" in the US economy has also been felt across the business world, with smaller companies struggling to cope with increased policy uncertainty and tariffs. The surge in tariffs announced by Trump's administration has had an outsize effect on these firms, which are seeing little benefit from the boom in artificial intelligence (AI) industry.
The AI proponents believe that the world is on the cusp of huge gains in productivity that could dramatically raise living standards, but there are concerns about large numbers of people being put out of work. As Bernard Yaros, lead US economist at Oxford Economics, notes, "This could be the new norm – jobless growth. That's one reason people are not feeling so great."
While it is true that Trump's presidency has been marked by a range of policies that have upended businesses and supply chains, the reality is that these disruptions have been largely masked by the stock market boom. The underlying problems in the economy may be more significant than initially meets the eye, and it remains to be seen whether the US economy can sustain this growth in the long term.
For now, Americans are being left with a false sense of security about the state of their economy – one that is built on shallow paper wealth and artificially inflated consumer spending. As Marcus Noland, executive vice president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, notes, "The gains are going to people in higher income brackets... but these numbers mask the unevenness in the growth in this economy."